Kiingitanga

HE AHA RAA, HE AHA RAA!

HE MAHI MOO RUNGA I TE MARAE E TUU NEI

E KO TE TUI, E KO TE TUI

E KO TE HONO KI TE KOOTAHITANGA KI TE KIINGI MAAORI E TUU NEI!

E TUU NEI I RUNGA I TE MANA MAAORI MOTUHAKE E TUU NEI

WHITI, WHITI, WHITI KI TE TIKA

WHITI KI TE ORA, WHITI KI TE RANGIMAARIE TITIA IHO

AU, AU AUEE HAA!

Ko Te Kīngitanga tētahi o ngā kaupapa tōrangapū tūroa o Aotearoa. Nō te tau 1858 i tū ai, kei te haere tonu i ngā tau o te 2000. I ngā wā o mua kāore he ‘Kiingi’ mō ngā iwi Māori katoa.  Kei ngā iwi ō rātou ake mana, ō rātou ake rangatira. I te tau 1850 i nui ake te tokomaha o Pākehā me ō rātou hiahia ki ngā whenua o te iwi Māori.  He iwi noho mana kore te iwi Māori ki ngā take tōrangapū. I toko ake te whakaaro kia whakakōtahi ai ngā iwi i raro i te Kiingi kōtahi. I te tau 1853 I takahi a Mātene Te Whiwhi rāua ko Tāmihana Te Rauparaha i te nuku o te whenua o Te Ika-a-Māui, ki te rapu i tētahi rangatira hei Kiingi mo te iwi Māori. Ēngari, i te rongo tuatahi atu ki tēnei kaupapa, kāore te nuinga o ngā rangatira i whakaae atu.

KIINGITANGA

RARANGI KAUPAPA

• He Whakaputanga o te Rangatiratanga o Nu Tireni
• Te Tiriti o Waitangi
• Te Whakapāohotanga
• Tāmihana Te Rauparaha
• Hēnare Mātene Te Whiwhi
• Wiremu Tāmihana Tarapīpipi Te Waharoa
• Pōtatau Te Wherowhero
• Tūkāroto Matutaera Pōtatau Te Wherowhero Tāwhiao
• Te Kauhanganui
• Te Peeke o Aotearoa
• Te Hōkioi & Te Paki o Matariki
• Te Ua Haumēne, Pai Mārire & Hauhau
• Mahuta Tāwhiao Pōtatau Te Wherowhero
• Te Rata Mahuta Pōtatau Te Wherowhero
• Te Kirihaehae Te Puea Hērangi
• Te Whare o Tūrangawaewae
• Korokī Te Rata Mahuta Tāwhiao Pōtatau Te Wherowhero
• Te Atairangikaahu Korokī Te Rata Mahuta Tāwhiao Pōtatau Te Wherowhero
• Tūheitia Pōtatau Te Wherowhero VII
• Kiingitanga i ngā rau tau 2000

HE WHAKAPUTANGA O TE RANGATIRATANGA O NU TIRENI

'Mai i te tīmatanga o te rautau 1800 ka taetae mai ngā kaihoko, ngā kaipatu wēra, me ngā manene noho ki Aotearoa, inā hoki he koroni a Niu Tīreni nā Ingarangi. Nā ngā whanonga a ētahi Pākehā me te ngoikore o te ture ki te whakarite i ngā ture whakahaere ka tonoa ko Te Pūhipi (James Busby) hei ‘Rehireneti’. Nō te tau 1833 ka tau a Te Pūhipi ki Waitangi.'

Source:  He Whakaputanga, Te Ara – Encyclopedia of New Zealand 

'I ngā rau tau 1830 i puta te āwangawanga ki Peritānia mō te kuhu mai o Wiwi me Amerika ki te tango i te whenua. I te tau 1835 ka toko ake te whakaaro ki a Te Pūhipi (Busby) me ngā ringa tautoko a Te Karuwhā (Henry Williams) me Te Koreneho (William Colenso) ki te tuhi i te ture whai mana motuhake hei hainatangatanga mō ngā rangatira Māori e kii ana ko rātou tonu ō rātou ake kaiwhakahaere i te whenua me ngā iwi Māori. I hainatia tēnei ki te reo Māori, ā, i whakawhitia tētahi kape ki te reo Pākehā hoki.

E whā ngā wahanga o He Wakaputanga, i roto i te wahanga tuarua e kii ana “Ko te Kingitanga ko te mana i te wenua o te wakaminenga o Nu Tireni ka meatia nei kei nga Tino Rangatira anake i to matou huihuinga. a ka mea hoki e kore e tukua e matou te wakarite ture ki te tahi hunga ke atu, me te tahi Kawanatanga hoki kia meatia i te wenua o te wakaminenga o Nu Tireni. ko nga tangata anake e meatia nei e matou e wakarite ana ki te ritenga o o matou ture e meatia nei e matou i to matou huihuinga.”

Source: He Whakaputanga - Declaration of Independence, 1835 – NZHistory, New Zealand history online

I karangatia e Te Pūhipi i ngā rangatira Māori o Te Tai Tokerau ki Waitangi ki te waitohu i He Wakaputanga o te Rangatiratanga o Nu Tīreni. Nō te 28 o Whiringa-ā-nuku i te tau 1835, 34 ngā rangatira o Te Tai Tokerau i haina i tēnei ture. I haere tonu ngā hainatanga tae atu ki te tau 1839, i tēnei wā 52 ngā hainatanga. Ko tētahi o ēnei hainatanga nā te rangatira o Waikato a Te Wherowhero, tāria te wā ka huri ki te Kiingi Māori tuatahi mō te motu.

TE TIRITI O WAITANGI

I te tau 1840 i puta te ngākau kōnatunatu ki ngā rangatira Māori me te waitohu i te Tiriti i runga anō i ngā tuhinga reo Māori me ngā rerekētanga ō roto. He hiahia nō rātou kia waeturetia ngā whakaritenga me ētahi taunakitanga whai mana ake ki ngā Tauiwi me ngā take hoko whenua. I kite rātou i te hua o te hoko me te whai pūtea mā te mahi hei painga mō ngā hāpori Māori katoa. Mā tēnei whakataunga ka pono te hononga ki waenganui i ngā iwi maha, ā, ka kaupare ake ngā hara nō mua mai o ngā iwi Māori.

I ngā tau 1840 me ngā tau 1850 i piki ake te taunga o Pākehā, ā, ka piki hoki te manawā pā hōrapa i te whenua. Nā tēnei rongo kino ka whakapakari ake ngā iwi i ō rātou rūnanga-ā-iwi. I toko ake te whakaaro ki Waikato kia whakakōtahi ai ngā iwi o Tainui me te toro atu ki ngā iwi o rohe kē atu. I te tau 1858 i tohua te rangatira o Tainui a Te Wherowhero ki te ārahi i tēnei whakakōtahitanga, nā ka tapaina e ia ki te ingoa Pōtatau, te Kiingi Māori tuatahi. Ko te whāinga matua o te Kiingitanga ki te pūpuri i te whenua me te aukato i ngā mahi hoko whenua atu. I whakapono te Kiingitanga ka noho taurite te Kiingi Māori me te Kuini o Ingarangi.

I te tau 1861 i karangahia e Kāwana Kerei (George Grey) mō te mana whakahaere o Aotearoa i runga anō i kitenga atu i te mana o te Kiingitanga, ā, ka kitea pēnei i tētahi wero ki te Karauna me ngā whakaritenga o Ingarangi i ngā tau whai atu. Nā tēnei āhuatanga ka urutomo atu ngā hoea o Ingarangi ki roto o Waikato, ka tīmata ngā pakanga, ka horahia ki te Waiariki me wāhi kē atu. He kitenga tuatahi tēnei mō te tāmoe i te hunga Māori e kaha kaupare i te ture o te Kāwanatanga, ā, e ai ki ētahi o ngā kaitōrangapū he pakanga ki te whakatauira i te mana o Ingarangi.

I whakatauiratia tēnei momo ki te iwi Māori kua whakahē katoatia te Kāwanatannga i ō rātou whakaaetanga i raro i te Tiriti kua momotu ngā here. I riro hoki te Kāwanatanga i ngā whenua o Waikato, Taranaki, Wairiki me Te Matau ā Maui.

Te whakapāohotanga o te Kiingitanga

Kei tēnei whakaahua ka kitea i a Mātene Te Whiwhi rāua ko Tāmihana Te Rauparaha me ā rāua whānau. I ngā tau ki mua i iriiria rāua tahi ki te rōpū Hāhi Mihingare i Ōtaki, i whai wāhi atu ngā mihingare ki te whakaako i te tuhi me te pānui ki te tokorua rā. I kapo ake rāua i ngā kakahu me ngā tikanga a te Pākehā. I te tau 1853 i tīmata rāua ki te whakapāoho i te kaupapa here o te Kiingitanga kia whakakōtahi ai ngā iwi Māori ki te pupuri i te whenua Māori.

TĀMIHANA TE RAUPARAHA

Ko tētahi o āna īngoa karangaranga ko Katu. He tama nā te rangatira o Ngati Toa, nā Te Rauparaha me tāna wahine tuarima a Te Ākau, he uri whakaheke ō Tūhourangi. He wahine whai mana ki ngā hiahia matua a Te Rauparaha. I te wā o te haerenga roa o Ngāti Toa mai i Kāwhia ki te tonga i whānau mai a Tāmihana i Pukearuhe, he pā nō Ngāti Tama i te raki o Taranaki. Nā Te Harawira (Octavious Hadfield)  tōna iriiringa ki te Rōpū Hāhi Mihinare i te 21 o Poutū-te-rangi i te tau 1841. I tapaina hoki ia ki te īngoa Tāmihana (Thompson), ā, nā kōnei ka noho tūturu ia ki taua īngoa. I moea e Tāmihana ki a Ruta Te Kapu o Ngāti Raukawa. Nā Te Harawira hoki tā rāua mārena i Ōtaki i te tau 1843.

I te tau 1851 i tae ā tīnana atu a Tāmihana me te Rōpū Hāhi Mihinare ki Ingarangi. Na, i te 30 o Hune 1852, i tae a Tāmihana ki mua i te aroaro o Kuini Wikitōria. Nō te tau i muri mai ka hoki mai ia ki Aotearoa. I tōna hokinga mai ka tākina e ia i te kaupapa kia whakatū he Kiingi mō te iwi Māori kia whakakōtahi ai ngā iwi katoa kia noho i raro i te ture kōtahi hei painga mō te noho me te piri tahi ki Aotearoa.

He Meka!

• I a ia e tamaiti tonu ana i whai wāhi atu ia ki te tuhi mo ngā pakanga maha
• I mua i tōna hononga ki te Hāhi Mihinare i riro māna te kauhau i te kaupapa Karaitiana ki ōna herenga o Ngai Tahu 
• He kaitautoko motuhake a Tāmihana ki ngā āhuatanga o te Kiingi kia riro māna ngā ture e whakatau
• Nānā anō te tono kia whakatepe i te uru mai o Pākehā ki ngā whenua Māori 

Ōna kupu rongonui i a ia e whakatau pakanga:

Ko au tēnei e hohou nei i te rongo kia mutu ai ngā pakanga, ā, e anga nei au mā ngā kupu o te Karaipiture e hohou te rongo ki waenganui i a tātou katoa. 

Source:  Te Rauparaha, Tāmihana – Dictionary of New Zealand Biography – Te Ara 

HĒNARE MĀTENE TE WHIWHI

I ngā tau tīmatatanga o te Kiingitanga, ko tā Matene Te Whiwhi he hāpai i roto i te ngākau aroha. I ngā rau tau 1850 ruarua noa iho ngā Pākehā i noho ki ngā rohenga o te whenua. I taua wā i ngana hoki ia kia noho pūmau tōnu ki tērā āhuatanga ēngari ka puta rerekē atu ngā tūmanako nā runga i ngā akiakinga a te Kāwanatanga me ngā iwi Pākehā e kimi whenua ana. Ka riro kē ki te te hunga Māori tokoiti e whawhai ana mō ō rātou whenua.

I te tau 1860 i tīmata ai ngā pakanga whenua, i tino ngana a Te Whiwhi ki te aukati atu i te riri mai i tōna rohe, ahakoa pēhea ka kitea e ia he ara piri atu ki te Kāwanatanga ko ia tērā e whai atu. Nā ērā āhuatanga tūhono ka huri kē āna tohe ki te hunga o te Kiingitanga. I tētahi hui i te 1860 ki Ōtaki i tino whakahē a Te Whiwhi rāua ko Tāmihana i te whakatarenga o te haki a te Kiingitanga, ā, ka riro hoki te hunga o te Kiingitanga i ngā whakahawea a Te Whiwhi ahakoa ki ia tonu tētahi o ngā ringa hāpai i te tīmatatanga.

WIREMU TĀMIHANA TARAPīPIPI TE WAHAROA

Ko Tarapīpipi te tama tuarua o Te Waharoa o Ngāti Haua, ko Rangi Te Wiwini tōna whaea. E ai ki ngā rangahau i whanau mai ia i ngā rau tau 1800 ki Tamahere i Horotiu. I ngā tau 1850 i piri atu a Wiremu Tāmihana ki te whakatūtanga mō tētahi Kiingi Māori. Nā wai, nā wai ka tapaina e ia ki te ingoa ‘Kingmaker’ e te hunga Pākehā.

I taua wā he nui ngā take i puta, ko tētahi o ngā take i rewa mai ko tōna whakapeka  atu ki te Kāwanatanga ki te tautoko i tōna mana whakahaere i a Ngāti Hauā, me ngā hui-ā-iwi ki te kaupare i te hoko whenua atu ki te Pākehā kei riro ko te iwi Māori te ahurea ka heke. Ōtira ko te hiahia matua kia whakakōtahi atu ki ngā take tōrangapū o Waikato, Ngāti Maniapoto me ngā iwi i whai hononga atu.

I te marama o Haratua i te tau 1857 i tū te hui ki Paetahi, pātata ana ki Rangiriri. He nui ngā tohe mō te whai pānga mō te Kiingi Māori me ngā pātai mō ngā taunakitanga ki te Kāwana me Kuini Wikitoia. I reira whakapuaki ai a Wiremu Tāmihana i āna āwangawanga mō te whakatūtanga me te pupuri i ngā tikanga me ngā ture ki roto i ngā iwi maha.

Ko tōna wawata mō te Kiingitanga ki te whakatau i ngā tikanga me ngā ture o te wā, kia kaua e pērā ki te Kāwanatanga Pākehā me te whakaae atu ki te kōhuru a Māori i te Māori, ā, ka haere atu ki te tautoko hei te kōhurutanga o te Pākehā.

PŌTATAU TE WHEROWHERO, 1858-1860 

 I te tau 1856 i tonoa e Iwikau Te Heuheu, nō Tūwharetoa kia whakatū ai tētahi hui. E ai ki te kōrero; 'Hīnana ki uta, Hīnana ki tai (he rapu mā te whenua, he rapu mā te moana) i Pūkawa. I reira i tae atu ngā iwi motuhake katoa. I taua hui, ko tā Te Heuheu, ko te ariki rongonui o Waikato a Pōtatau Te Wherowhero hei kīngi. I te tono tuatahi kāore ia i whakaae, ēngari anō i te tau 1858 i whakaae ia kia tū hei Kiingi Māori ki Ngāruawāhia.

HEI KIINGI

Nō te tau 1858 i tohu a Pōtatau hei kiingi i Ngāruawāhia. Ko ngā kupu ō Iwikau Te Heuheu ki a ia; "Potatau, i tēnei rā, nāku koe i tohu hei Kiingi o te iwi Maori. Ko kōrua ko Kuīni Wikitōria ka paiheretia kia kotahi. Ko te whakapono ki a Te Karaiti hei korowai manaaki i a koe; ko te ture hei whāriki mō ō waewae, ake, ake tonu atu".’’Arā anō tētahi hui i whakatū i Rangiaowhia i te tau 1858, i tukuna e Te Tāpihana o Ngāti Hikairo te pātai ki te iwi kia tīpako i tētahi taitara hou mō Pōtatau. I puta ngā whakaaro Māori tūturu; he ariki tauaroa, he toihau, he kahutātara, ēngari i te mutunga nā Te Moananui o Heretaunga te whakaaro kia tīpako i te taitara kiingi, nā konā ka whakaae te iwi katoa. Nō muri mai ka whakawahia e Pōtatau hei kiingi i Ngāruawāhia. Nā Wiremu Tāmihana Tarapīpīpī  Te Waharoa te kawa whakawahinga ki te hinu me te whakarewatanga o te Paipera ki te pane o Pōtatau. 

TŪKĀROTO MATUTAERA PŌTATAU TE WHEROWHERO TĀWHIAO, 1860-1894

I whakawahia Tāwhiao hei kiingi i te 5 o Hūrae i te tau 1860 i Ngāruawāhia, nā Wiremu Tāmihana Tarapīpīpī Te Waharoa me te Paipera ōrite i te whakawahinga o tōnā Pāpā a Pōtatau hei kiingi. 

Houhou te rongo

Nō muri mai ngā whakaaaro a Tāhwiao me mutu rawatia te pakanga. I whakaturengia e ia kia pēnei tonu thw otinga o te rūri whenua, te hoko whenua, te kōti whenua, te maina koura, te pou waea, te kura, me te ture Pākehā. Nā runga i ngā whakapono rerekē ki waenganui i te iwi Pākehā me te iwi Māori, ko tā Tawhiao mē noho wehe te Māori me te Pākehā.

He meka!

• I te tau 1881, nō muri o ngā tau whakawhitiwhiti whakaaro me te kāwanatanga, i whakatakotoria e Tāwhiao me ōna kaiwhai ā rātou pū ki mua o te kaiwhakawā o te rohe ki Arekahānara (Pirongia), ā, ka hoki ki Waikato.
•  Nāna tāna Pāremata, Te Kauhanganui i whakatū i te tau 1892. 
• He kaunihera tōna, 12 ngā māngai o ngā iwi (ko te Tekau-mā-rua), me ngā ‘minita’. 
• I whakawhiwhia a Tāwhiao ki te penihana o te kāwanatanga. Ka raruraru te iwi, te āhua nei he tuku tēnei i tōna mana motuhake, ka whakahokia te penihana, me te itarete hoki.

 He Kupu Ōhākī nā Pōtatau

Ka tata ana a Pōtatau ki te mate ko tāna kupu ōhākī ki a Tāwhiao mā. ‘I muri, kia mau ki te whakapono, kia mau ki te aroha, ki te ture. Hei aha te aha, hei aha te aha.’

Source:  Tāwhiao, Tūkāroto Matutaera Pōtatau Te Wherowhero – Dictionary of New Zealand Biography – Te Ara 

Te Kauhanganui

I tū te hui tuatahi a te Kauhanganui i te 2 o Mei 1889, te rā i whakamaumaharatia ai te whakawahinga o te Kīngi tuatahi. I te tau 1890 i whakamanahia te paremata o te Kiingitanga, te Kauhanga ki Maungakawa. I te rau tau ki muri i whakamahia tēnei wāhi e te Tāhuhu kōti whenua hei rautaki tono i te Māori kia tū tahanga ki ngā whenua o te raki o Waikato kia ngāwari ake te hoko atu a te Pākehā.  

He meka!

• He wāhi karapinepine te Kauhanganui mō ngā iwi o te Kiingitanga
• Nā kōnei i whakatau te kāhui tēkau-mā-rua tuatahi mō te Kiingitanga
• 1891 Ko Taingākawa te māngai tuatahi o te whare ariki
• Ko T. T. Rāwhiti te hēkeretari tuatahi a te Kauhanganui, nānā anō ngā take, ngā pānui me ngā whakarapopototanga taupatupatu a te Kiingitanga i whāngai atu mā roto mai i Te Paki o Matariki, te nūpepa o te Kiingitanga
• 1894 i whakaturengia te whakatū i ngā kōti hei kakapi i ngā ture Pākehā
• I hūnuku te Kauhanganui ki ngā torohanga o te rohe o Waikato i ngā tau i whai atu

TEKAU MĀ RUA

'He mea whakatū nāna tētehi kaunihera whiriwhiri ko te Tekau-mā-rua te īngoa, i runga i te tūmanako mā tēnei e whakamāmā ake te pīkauranga o te Kīngitanga e kawea ana e te Kīngi i tōna kotahi anake. Nāna i whakatakoto ngā take hei wānanga mā te Kauhanganui; i whakaurua atu ki te wānanga o 1893 ngā take pērā i ngā whakataunga e pā ana ki te momo āhua o te hīri kāwanatanga a te Kīngitanga – me i kore hoki tēnei, ka noho kore niho noa ana ture – me te ōwehenga o te tāke hei tāketanga. I te Ākuhata o 1893, ka takoto te whakataunga kia whakatūria ētehi kōti whenua motuhake mō te Kīngitanga.'

 Source:  Te Waharoa, Tupu Atanatiu Taingākawa – Dictionary of New Zealand Biography – Te Ara  

Te Peeke o Aotearoa

I te tau 1886 i whakatū a Kiing Tāwhiao i Te Peeke o Aotearoa. Nānā anō te mana whakahere me ngā wharitenga i whakatau. Ānei tētahi o ngā nōti kua mau tonu ināianei. I tū tēnei pēke mai i te tau 1886 tae atu ki te tau 1905. Ko Te Peeke o Aotearoa tētahi o ngā pūnaha moni e noho matatapu ana ki waenganui i ngā iwi Māori.

Te Hōkioi

I whakaputa tuatahi mai Te Hokioi o Niu Tireni e Rere atu na mai i te marama o Kohitātea tae atu ki te marama o Haratua i te tau 1863. Ko tōna hanga he pērā ki te māngai mō ngā take o te Kiingitanga me ngā take a te Māori kia toro tāwhiti atu ki te motu. He niupepa whakaputa i Ngāruawāhia, ā, ko Wiremu Pātara Te Tuhi te ētita matua. He mea whakaputa mā te mihini tāpukapuka i tākoha atu e te Emepara o Ateria ki te ētahi rangatira o Waikato i a rāua e haerere ana ki roto o Wiena i te tau 1859.

Nā ōna kupu kaikiri mō te Kāwanatanga i wepua te whakatūtanga o Te Pihoihoi Mokemoke i rung ai te Tuanui i ngā marama o Huitānguru ki te marama o Poutūterangi i te tau 1863. He niupepa whakaputa i Te Awamutu nā te Kaiwhakawā tūturu John Gorst.

I whakamutua te whiu haere o ngā kupu ki roto pepa i te marama o Poutūterangi i te tau 1863 nā runga i te whakaeke a Rewi Maniapoto me tōna ope o Ngāti Maniapoto ki te kōhaki i te mihini tāpukapuka kia kitea ai ngā taha e rua i te rirohanga o te mana Māori me te utu o te whakamahi i Te Reo Māori ki roto i ngā niupepa.

TE PAKI O MATARIKI 

I te tau 1892 tae atu ki te tau 1935 i whakaputa te niupepa motuhake o Kiingi Tāwhiao me te Kiingitanga, Te Paki o Matariki. Ko te taitara he mea kapo i ngā pō ngāwari me te huri o te huarere e ai ki ngā tohu o Matariki. I whakatauritehia ēnei tohu ki ngā wawata o te niupepa me ngā pānga maha o te tau hou me te ao hou.

Te Ua Haumēne, Pai Mārire & Hauhau

I iriiria e Te Ua Haumēne ki te hāhi Werehia, ā, ka tapa ia ki Horopapera. I te tau 1864 i hupri tona ingoa ki te ‘Haumēne’ he tohu tēnei o āna mahi i a ia e tuku i ana kupu ki te atua mā te hau. I te tau 1862 ka tīmata ia i tētahi hāhi hou, te hāhi o te Pai Mārire e aro tūturu atu ki ngā pou niu, he pau i hangaia e ngā tira kaipuke. I whakapono atu a Te Ua Haumēne nā te pakē o ngā taura me ngā haki i ngā hau he tohu tēnei o te atua.

I te tau 1863 i titoa e Te Ua i te Ua Rongopai, he pukapuka o ngā karakia. E mau tonu ana i tēnei rā tētahi kape o te Ua Rongopai i tāngia e Karaitiana Te Korou ō Ngāti Kahungunu. Kei roto tonu ngā whakahaeretanga o ngā karakia, ngā pūrongo o ngā hui o ngā kaiwhakataki o te Pai Mārire i Taranaki i ngā tau 1864 ki 1865, ētahi tuhinga whakaahua o ngā pou niu me ngā ingoa ō aua pou. I mōhio whānuitia tēnei hāhi ki ngā ingoa e rua te ‘Pai Mārire’ me te ‘Hauhau’ he āhuatanga e tohu ana i te hā o te ora i tukuna mai e te atua.

Nā te whanautanga mai o tēnei hāhi ki roto i ngā wā pakanga o Taranaki, ko ētahi o ngā karakia ka uru atu ngā kupu ‘Tahi, rua, toru, whā. Taihana! He rerekē te tirohanga a ētahi ki te kupu ‘Hauhau’ pēnei ki te hauhau i te tangata. Ko te ingoa Hauhau i whakamahia e te Pākehā mo ngā tāngata Māori o ope tauā kē atu e whawhai ana i a rātou mai i ngā rautau 1860.

MAHUTA TĀWHIAO PŌTATAU TE WHEROWHERO, 1894-1912

Ngā kupu ōhākī a Kiingi Tāwhiao, te Kiingi Māori tuarua i mu ai tōna matenga kia mārama ai te iwi ko wai e riro i ngā whakatakinga o te Kiingitanga whai muri mai i a ia,

'Papa te whaitiri, ka puta Uenuku, ka puta Matariki. Ko Mahuta te kingi!' 

Source: Mahuta, 1894–1912 – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand 

Nā Tupu Taingākawa Te Waharoa, te whakawahia a Mahuta hei Kiingi tuatoru i taua wā. 

Ngā Tōrangapū

I taua wā i hui tonu te Kauhanganui, ā, i noho tonu a Mahuta hei ūpoko whakahaere. I ngā rau tau 1890 I ngana ia ki te whakakōtahi atu ki te Kohitanga ēngari tē tutuki rawatia. I tētahi hui o te Kotahitanga i te tau 1895 i tono atu ki te Kiingitanga ki te waitohu i te whakaaetanga kia whakakōtahi ai rātou i te whakaaetanga kōtahi. Heoi i puta hoki te whakaaetanga a te Kiingitanga, ā tōnā wā i mōhio whānuitia e te whakaaetanga a Mahuta, tata ki te 5,000 ngā waitohutanga i whakaae atu. 

I te tau 1898 i ngana a Hēnare Kaihau (mema Māori o te Pāremata) ki te whakatātoko i te ture whakakōtahi a te Kaunihera Māori ki te Pāremata, he āhuatanga mana whakahaere o roto mō te iwi Māori, mā te iwi Māori. Ēngari tē tutuki rawatia i tēnei kaupapa hoki.

TE RATA MAHUTA PŌTATAU TE WHeROWHERO, 1912-1933

Ko Te Rata Mahuta te kaiārahi tuawhā o te Kiingitanga. I whiwhi e ia ngā hua me ngā pūkenga maha mai i ngā Kiingi ō mua mai i a ia, me te taunakitanga mārika o ngā 50 tau ki mua i a ia mō te whakahirahiratanga o te Kiingi me te Kiingitanga.

I mate a Mahuta ai te 9 o Whiringa-ā-rangi i te tau 1912 ki Waahi Paa. Kāore e kore ka riro atu tēnei whakatakinga mai i tōna pāpā ki a ia, i roto i ngā whakapono ki a ia hei Kiingi i toko ake hoki te whakaaro mā ōna mātauranga i te ao Pākehā e hāpai ake i tōna iwi. I toro atu ētahi o ngā rangatira Māori ki a Te Rata ki te mahue mai i te taitara ‘Kiingi’ me te whakawhiti atu ki te taitara ‘ariki. Nā Tupu Taingāwa Te Waharoa tēnei i whakahē nā runga i ngā āhuatanga o ngā tau ō muri mai i te wā ō Pōtatau kia noho hei Kiingi mō te iwi Māori. I 24 o Whiringa-ā-rangi i te tau 1912 i tuku ia i āna raunakitanga ki a Te Rata mō te Kiingitanga ki te taha o te tūpāpaku o tōna pāpā. E ai ki ētahi kōrero, whai muri mai i tēnei ka whakawhiwhia hoki ia ki te ingoa o tōna tipuna a Pōtatau Te Wherowhero

'Ka nui te tūmanako o te whakaaro mō te Kīngi hōu, mō Te Rata, engari i te kaha rawa te pā mai o te māuiui– te rūmātiki ātaraiti me te mate manawa. Ko tā Te Rata mahi nui he tirotiro  i ngā tikanga o te iwi me te whakapapa. I roto i tōna wā hei Kīngi, nā tana karanga tuahine, nā Te Puea Hērangi te whakaawe kaha me te nui o ngā ārahitanga o Te Kīngitanga.'

Source:  Te Rata, 1912–1933, and Te Puea – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand 

TE KIRIHAEHAE TE PUEA HĒRANGI

I whānau mai a Te Puea Hērangi i te 9 o Noema 1883. Ko tōna whaea ko Tiahuia, te tamāhine a Kiingi Tāwhiao Te Wherowhero rāua ko tana wahine tuatahi a Hera.

Koinei te whānautanga mai o Te Puea ki te kāhui ariki, te whānau o te Kiingi Māori tuatahi, a Pōtatau Te Wherowhero, i roto i ngā tau uaua i whai i te tau 1860 me ngā murunga whānuitanga o ngā whenua o Tainui. He tūranga hirahira tōna i roto i ngā kōwhiringa kīngi e toru, hei whakatū anō i te Kiingitanga hei kaipupuri mauri mō ngā iwi o Tainui, me te whakawhānui i te mana o te Kiingitanga ki te motu katoa.

He kaha a Te Puea ki te whakahē i te whai wāhi o Waikato ki ngā tautokotanga i ngā mahi mō te pakanganui. Ko Te Puea Hērangi te karanga tuahine o Te Rata. Ko ia hoki te tino kaiārahi o Te Kīngitanga o taua wā. Ka kore haere te nui o Taingākawa, ka tupu haere tō Te Puea hei māngai mō Te Rata. Ka whakapau ia i tōna kaha ki te whakaora i te mana o te Kīngitanga ki Ngāruawāhia hei pokapū mōna, nā te tongi a Tāwhiao:

Ko Arekahānara tōku haona kaha, ko Kemureti tōku oko horoi, ko Ngāruawāhia tōku tūrangawaewae. 

Source: https://teara.govt.nz/mi/kingitanga-the-maori-king-movement/page-5

Ngā Take Ahuwhenua me ngā Nōhanga ā-iwi

I whakapau kaha a Te Puea mō te Kiingitanga. He hiahia nōna te whakatū tūāpapa ōhanga mō rātou, e ngākaunui hoki ana ia ki ngā kaupapa a Apirana Ngata ki te whakawhanake i ngā whenua Māori mā te pūtea tautoko a te kāwanatanga. I mua he iwi kāore mō te panoni i ō rātou whakaaro, ināianei he tauira mō ngā kaupapa a te kāwanatanga. Ko Te Puea hoki tētahi kaikōkiri o ngā whakataunga raupatu whenua o Waikato i te tau 1946. Nā konā i whakatū te Poari Māori o Tainui.

Te Whare o Tūrangawaewae

 I te tau 1919 i whakatūwheratia te whare o Tūrangawaewae ki Ngāruawāhia hei whare pāremata mō te Kiingitanga. I whakakotahi ngā hoahoanga whare ā te Māori me te Pākehā. Kaore i tino whakamahi i tēnei whare hei whare pāremata, ēngari hei whare hauora, he whare Kōti Whenua Māori, hei whare kē mō te Poari Māori o Tainui. Ko tōna tūnga he hiahia ki te whakahoki i te Kiingitanga hei nohoanga ki te pā o Kiingi Tāwhia i Ngāruawāhia. Ko te whenua i noho ai taua pā, i murua i muri i ngā pakanga whenua o Aotearoa. Ko tā te Kiingitanga he hoko i taua whenua kia hoki rātou ki reira.

Te Pou o Mangatāwhiri

I hangaia e Te Puea Hērangi i te rōpu Te Pou o Mangatāwhiri hei kohinga pūtea kai whakatū i te marae o Tūrangawaewae. I ngā rau tau 1920 i tipi haere tēnei rōpu hei whakangahau i ngā tāngata katoa o Te Ika a Māui. He hononga tā te ingoa nei ki te awa e tohunga ana i te rohe o Waikato, ko awa o Mangatāwhiri. Koinei hoki te awa i whakawhitia e ngā hoia o Ingarangi.

KOROKĪ TE RATA MAHUTA TĀWHIAO PŌTATAU TE WHEROWHERO, 1933-1966

Ko Korokī Te Rata Mahuta Tāwhiao Pōtatau Te Wherowhero te mataamua a Te Rata ō Ngāti Mahuta. Ko Te Uranga ō Ngāti Korokī tōna whaea, i tapaina e Korokī ki te ingoa o tētahi o ngā rangatira o te iwi o tōna whaea. I whanau mai ia ki Waahi Paa i ngā rau tau 1900. I a ia e tamariki tonu ana, ko tōna hanga he tamaiti whakamā, iti noa āna kupu, ā, nā whai anō ka hipa atu tāna teina a Taipū i a ia. He maha ngā wawata i puta mō Taipū, ā, i tono atu ia ki te Kareti o Werehi ki Tāmaki Mākaurau ēngari i mate ia whai muri i tana taenga atu ki reira. I kuraina a Korokī ki te kura o Huntly i te tau 1915 ēngari he noho poto noa iho tēnei i te kura. He nui ngā āwangawanga a Korokī mō te whakahaeretanga o te Kiingitanga, ā, ko āna whāinga matua kia whaia e ōna kāwai hekenga i ngā mātauranga kia eke. I whakapono atu ia i āna tau pakeke ki te ako ki te pānui i roto i Te Reo Māori me te reo Pākehā.

I a ia e rangatahi tonu ana i kitea tōna hiahia me ōna pukenga ki roto i ngā mahi pūkaha, ā, ki te kore ngā whakataunga o te Kiingitanga, koinei te ara ka whaia e ia mō te mahi. He tāngata whakatangi pūoro ia i roto i tētahi pēne, a, he kaitākaro whutuporo papai hoki ia. I te tau 1930 i whakatau a Te Puea Hērangi kia tomo atu a Korokī ki Te Atairangikaahu, te tamahine a te tungane a Te Puea, a Wanakore Hērangi. I whanau mai tā rāua tamāhine a Piki i te tau 1931 i te marama o Hōngongoi, ākuni ka riro i te ingoa o tōna whaea. I whāngai hoki rāua i tētahi tama, ko Robert Te Kotahi Mahut ai te tau 1939. I noho te whanau o Korokī ki Waahi Paa, pātata ki Rāhuipōkeka.

TE ATAIRANGIKAAHU KOROKĪ TE RATA MAHUTA TĀWHIAO PŌTATAU TE WHEROWHERO, 1966-2006

He poropiti nā Tāwhiao

He poropiti, he tongi anō nā Kingi Tāwhiao, ‘Kei te haere mai te wa, ka puta mai i taku pito ake, he wahine, he urukehu, mana hei whakatutuki i tenei oranga.’

Te Whakawahinga

'Nō mua tata noa o te nehunga o Korokī ka whakawahia a Piki taiohi nei hei Kuini Te Ātairangikaahu. Ko ia rā te wahine tuatahi hei pane mō Te Kīngitanga, ko ia hoki te kuīni Māori tuatahi. Kua ea te poropiti a Tāwhiao. Ka mau i a ia te ingoa o tōna māmā, Te Ātairangikaahu, ā, ka tere kaingākaunui tana iwi ki a ia ki tana whai-whakaaronui, ki tana hūmārire. I roto i a Waikato ko tō rātou karangatanga ā-ngākau mōna ko ‘The Lady’, ā, ka mau i a ia te taitara Māori: Te Arikinui.'

Source:  Te Ātairangikaahu, 1966–2006, and Tūheitia, 2006 – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand 

Kopounga hei Kuiini Maaori

'I te 23 o Mei 1966, i te raa tonu i tanumia ai a Korokii, i runga anoo i ngaa tikanga o te whakawahinga, ka utaina te paipera i whakawahia ai a Pootatau Te Wherowhero me ngaa kiingi Maaori o muri mai, ki te upoko o Tapairu Piki, e Te Waharoa Tarapiipipi, ure puukaka o Wiremu Tamihana, te ‘kaiwhakatuu kiingi’ naana nei i whakawahi a Pootatau i te tau 1858.'

Source:  Te Atairangikaahu Korokī Te Rata Mahuta Tāwhiao Pōtatau Te Wherowhero – Dictionary of New Zealand Biography – Te Ara 

TŪHEITIA PŌTATAU TE WHEROWHERO VII, 2006-INĀIANEI

Ko Kīngi Tūheitia

'I te tangihanga o Te Arikinui Dame Te Ātairangikaahu, ka toru ngā tukunga o te pātai nei e te kaumātua o Tainui e Tui Adams: ‘Ko Tuheitia hei Kingi?’ Ka toru ngā whakautu mai a ngā iwi i reira, ‘Ae!’. Kāti, ka whakawahia a Tūheitia hei Kīngi Māori tuawhitu. Nā Anaru Tāmihana i whakawahi ki taua paipera tonu rā, nā tana tupuna nā Wiremu Tāmihana i uwhi ki runga ki te pane o Pōtatau i te tau 1859.'

Ko Te Kīngitanga i ngā tau 2000

'I ngā tau tōmua o te manotau 2000 he whare tūroa Te Kīngitanga. Ko ngā tikanga mauroa pērā me te poukai (he toronga ā-tau e te arikinui ki ngā marae) me te koroneihana (ngā whakanuitanga i te koroneihana) ka haere tonu. Ko Te Kauhanganui (te pāremata o Te Kīngitanga) i haere tonu ki tōna āhua hōu.

I te tau 2015 ko Tūheitia tonu i runga i tōna torōna tapu, e pupuru tonu ana i te hitori me ngā tikanga o Te Kīngitanga.'

Source:  Te Ātairangikaahu, 1966–2006, and Tūheitia, 2006 – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand 

KIINGITANGA I NGĀ RAU TAU 2000

I ngā rau tau 2000 he nui tonu ngā whakahaeretanga o te Kiingitanga me ngā tikanga tuku iho kua mau tonu mai ki ngā rā o ināianei. Ko te Poukai tētahi o ngā whakahaeretanga e hoki atu ki ngā wā Arataki a Tāwhiao. Pērā tonu ki te whakakōtahitanga o te Pai Mārire me te Hāhi Tariao ki roto i ngā takinga o te Kiingitanga ki ngā Kaupapa maha.

Ko te hui Koroneihana tētahi hui kua roa nei e taki ana kia whakakōtahi ai ngā o te motu ki te whakanui ki te whakangahau hoki i te marae o Tūrangawaewae

Ko ngā rawa katoa mai i te tau 1995 ka tiakina e Te Whakakitenga o Waikato (nō muri mai ko Te Kauhanganui). He whakaritenga iwi e whakamana ana i ngā marae 68 o Te Whakakitenga o Waikato. Ia toru tau ka tīpako ia marae kia tokorua māngai ki te noho ki Te Whakakitenga o Waikato.

This story was curated and compiled by Te Puna Mātauranga o Aotearoa | National Library of New Zealand, Services to Schools staff, August 2021.