Rimutaka Tunnel opens 1955

A DigitalNZ Story by squiggle_top

Replacing one of the steepest railway inclines (at the time), the opening of the Rimutaka Tunnel in 1955 significantly improved travel between Wairarapa and Hutt Valley.

Rimutaka incline, Rimutaka tunnel, Remutaka, train, steep incline

the Rimutaka Tunnel - opened in 1955

Officially opened on 03 November 1955, the Rimutaka Tunnel reduced the time and distance between Wairarapa and Hutt Valley. It replaced one of the steepest railway inclines in New Zealand at the time, and its opening was widely celebrated after many years of construction. 

Image: Rimutaka Tunnel Official Opening Ceremony Booklet, 3 November 1955

Opening Ceremony Booklet

Rimutaka Tunnel Official Opening Ceremony Booklet, 3 November 1955

Upper Hutt City Library

Looking for an alternative to the steep Rimutaka Incline

Although many proposals were put forward over the years, it took time before a solution was agreed to and work on the Rimutaka Tunnel could begin. 

Proposals for Rimutaka

Mulitple options proposed for a tunnel, including through to Wainuiomata. March 1898.

Proposal re Rimutaka Incline. (Colonist, 24 March 1898)

National Library of New Zealand

Details about the Rimutaka Railway Line

A proposed new tunnel would be four and half times longer than the existing one. September 1898.

The Rimutaka Railway Line. (Feilding Star, 16 September 1898)

National Library of New Zealand

Barrier to commerce

The lack of a tunnel was seen as barrier to progress and commerce.

RIMUTAKA LINE (Evening Post, 31 July 1930)

National Library of New Zealand

Image: Rimutaka [electronic resource].

1940s

Map shows both the Rimutaka Incline track and the proposed Rimutaka Tunnel.

Rimutaka [electronic resource].

National Library of New Zealand

Big tunnel proposal

Outlines the proposed Big Tunnel, including estimated costs and rejected proposals. August 1938.

THE BIG TUNNEL (Evening Post, 16 August 1938)

National Library of New Zealand

A renewed push for work to begin

A lack of funding has hampered tunnel construction. August 1938.

A NATIONAL WORK (Evening Post, 11 August 1938)

National Library of New Zealand

Pledge to construct Rimutaka Tunnel

The Prime Minister pledged to honour the pledge to construct the tunnel. September 1943.

PROMISE RENEWED (Evening Post, 08 September 1943)

National Library of New Zealand

Image: Rimutaka Incline

Rimutaka Incline [film]

1991 documentary explores the history of the incline, and interviews those who worked on the rails. [film 61m 58s]

Rimutaka Incline

NZ On Screen

Construction begins 

Officially Tunnel 2. A railway tunnel through New Zealand's Remutaka Range, between Maymorn, near Upper Hutt, and Featherston, on the Wairarapa Line. The tunnel, which was opened to traffic on 3 November 1955, is 8.798 kilometres (5.467 mi) long. It was the longest tunnel in New Zealand, superseding the Ōtira Tunnel in the South Island until the completion of the Kaimai Tunnel (8.88 km, 5.55 miles) near Tauranga in 1978. Rimutaka remains the longest tunnel in New Zealand with scheduled passenger trains. The tunnel was built as part of a deviation to replace the costly Rimutaka Incline and its Fell engines.

Source: Rimutaka Tunnel (Remutaka Range, N.Z.), National Library of New Zealand | Te Puna Mātauranga o Aotearoa [retrieved 20 June, 2023]. This collection of items relating to the Rimutaka Tunnel includes images, newspaper articles and maps. 

Image: Rimutaka Tunnel under construction, Wellington

1950

Interior shot of men working to construct the Rimutaka Tunnel.

Rimutaka Tunnel under construction, Wellington

Alexander Turnbull Library

Image: Maymorn; Rimutaka tunnel employee housing camp, 1952

1952

Rimutaka tunnel employee housing camp. Housing was provided free for staff.

Maymorn; Rimutaka tunnel employee housing camp, 1952

Upper Hutt City Library

Image: Rimutaka Tunnel, c. 1954

1954

Construction work underway on the Rimutaka Tunnel.

Rimutaka Tunnel, c. 1954

Upper Hutt City Library

Image: Tunnel workers taking a break during the construction of the Rimutaka railway tunnel

1954

Workers taking a break inside the tunnel.

Tunnel workers taking a break during the construction of the Rimutaka railway tunnel

Alexander Turnbull Library

Image: New railway lines for the Rimutaka tunnel

1955

New lines for the tunnel

New railway lines for the Rimutaka tunnel

Alexander Turnbull Library

Farewell: final ride on the Rimutaka Incline | 29 October 1955 

Image: Rimutaka Incline; last train to travel over the line. [P1-1089-3458]

Final train up the Rimutaka Incline

Last train travelling over the Rimutaka Incline before the tunnel was officially opened.

Rimutaka Incline; last train to travel over the line. [P1-1089-3458]

Upper Hutt City Library

Opening the tunnel | 03 November 1955

After many years of construction, the Rimutaka Tunnel opens to great fanfare. 

Image: Official train at Rimutaka Tunnel opening : photograph

Large crowd watches the train's arrival

Official train at Rimutaka Tunnel opening : photograph

Wairarapa Archive

Image: Opening of the Rimutaka Tunnel : Photograph

Crowd gathers for the official opening

Opening of the Rimutaka Tunnel : Photograph

Wairarapa Archive

Image: Rimutaka Tunnel Opening Ceremony, 3 November 1955

Commerative brochure of the opening ceremony

Rimutaka Tunnel Opening Ceremony, 3 November 1955

Archives New Zealand Te Rua Mahara o te Kāwanatanga

Image: Prime minister Sid Holland cutting ribbon to open service on the Rimutaka Railway Tunnel

PM Holland cuts the official ribbon

Prime minister Sid Holland cutting ribbon to open service on the Rimutaka Railway Tunnel

Alexander Turnbull Library

Celebrations and commemorations

Image: Rimutaka rail tunnel celebrates 60th Anniversary

An engineering marvel - celebrating 60 years of the Rimutaka Tunnel

Includes radio coverage from the historic opening, and shares history of the tunnel construction.

Rimutaka rail tunnel celebrates 60th Anniversary

Radio New Zealand

Additional resources

  • Bridges and tunnels - Rail tunnels. Jock Phillips, Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. [accessed 27 September 2023]
    • This film captures the moment when the two shafts of the Remutaka tunnel met. At the time it was the longest rail tunnel in New Zealand, linking the Hutt Valley with the Wairarapa plains. 
  • Rimutaka Incline, up up and away. Department of Conservation media release. 16 February 2012. [now archived] 
  • Remutaka Rail Trail. Department of Conservation. [accessed 27 September 2023] 

This story was created September 2023, and updated January 2025.