What colour red says

A DigitalNZ Story by Zokoroa

Images are used to Illustrate the symbolism and physiological effects of the colour red, and how the word 'red' is used in our everyday language.

Red, Colour, Language, Sayings, Popular culture

A. Symbolism & Physiological effects of COLOUR RED

Red, the colour of fire and blood, has a range of symbolic meanings, including love, luck, joy, stress, anger, aggression, power, action, courage, religious fervor, warmth, danger and attention-getting. 

Love & passion:

Luck, joy & happiness: 

Image: Badge: Red Socks Day/ Sir Peter Blake Trust

For 1995 America’s Cup campaign red socks chosen for good luck for Peter Blake & Black Magic team (see Te Ara)

Badge: Red Socks Day/ Sir Peter Blake Trust

New Zealand Maritime Museum

Feelings of intensity & agression:

Red has to do with the body’s fight-or-flight response - too much red leaves the person feeling not just alert, but also stressed out. An overuse of red can be irritating or provoke aggression. The effects are increased respiration, blood pressure, appetite and metabolism.   

Power & perception:

Red makes people react with greater speed and force, feel more aggressive and more powerful, boosting testosterone, but it also changes the perception others have.    

Image: Richie and Dan

Studies showed athletes wearing red had bigger chance of winning that those wearing a blue kit

Richie and Dan

Manatū Taonga, the Ministry for Culture and Heritage

Image: "Er... Up and away!" 18 December, 2004

"Er... Up and away!" 18 December, 2004

Alexander Turnbull Library

Religious - Blood & Fire:

See: ReligionFacts.com - Symbolism of the color red 

Image: Laying foundation stone of St Peter's By The Sea, Castlepoint : photograph

In Christianity, the Cardinal's red robes symbolise the blood of Christ & commemorate the martyred saints

Laying foundation stone of St Peter's By The Sea, Castlepoint : photograph

Wairarapa Archive

Image: Father Christmas, Heather Cole, Moutoa.

Saint Nicholas, a 4th Century Greek bishop, had favoured red robes and gave gifts to the poor

Father Christmas, Heather Cole, Moutoa.

Kete Horowhenua

Image: Untitled

In Christianity red can also represent sin, hellfire, or the Devil

Untitled

MTG Hawke's Bay

Image: Pentecost

Liturgical colour for Pentecost where the disciples were baptized by the Holy Spirit with "tongues of fire" to go forth

Pentecost

Alexander Turnbull Library

Image: India Series: Dalai Lama

Red is one of the colours of the five Buddhas and the colour of the monk's garments

India Series: Dalai Lama

Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa

Image: [Tibetan building]

In Tibetan culture, red has protective qualities and is, therefore, often used to paint sacred buildings

[Tibetan building]

Auckland War Memorial Museum Tāmaki Paenga Hira

Image: Huge Dragon's Head

Chinese Red Fire Dragons symbolise passion and strength

Huge Dragon's Head

Manatū Taonga, the Ministry for Culture and Heritage

Preservation of life force: Protection - warmth & comfort:

Image: Red coral

Red coral is one of five sacred stones of the Tibetan Buddhists, and symbolizes the energy of life force

Red coral

Manatū Taonga, the Ministry for Culture and Heritage

Image: vase

In Feng Shui, red elements in southern quarter of a home represent fire energy which gives new birth to new life & ideas

vase

Auckland War Memorial Museum Tāmaki Paenga Hira

Image: Anzac poppy

War remembrance - Red or Flanders poppy is symbol of regeneration and growth in a landscape of blood and destruction

Anzac poppy

Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa

Image: We Need Your Help. Buy Red Cross Stamps [poster]

A red cross is the inverse of the Swiss flag - a neutral country. Used to protect medical facilities from attack.

We Need Your Help. Buy Red Cross Stamps [poster]

Puke Ariki

Danger & basic survival:

As red draws attention, it is often used in warning signs. The red colour is the least scattered by fog, cloudy weather and other particles in the atmosphere, which means a signal in red can be seen from a very long distance.  ( See www.volt6.com)

Image: Red-billed Gull

Red traffic light

Red-billed Gull

iNaturalist NZ — Mātaki Taiao

Off limits: Regulations & conformity

Image: P1040091

No entry

P1040091

Manatū Taonga, the Ministry for Culture and Heritage

Image: Police Emergency

Police Emergency

eqnz.chch.2010

Image: Smith, Hayden James, 1976- :'Red card? What red card?... Play on!' 15 March 2012

Red card is shown by a referee to signify that a player must be sent off

Smith, Hayden James, 1976- :'Red card? What red card?... Play on!' 15 March 2012

Alexander Turnbull Library

Warning - Poison:

Image: Redback Spider

Redback Spider

iNaturalist NZ — Mātaki Taiao

Grabbing attention - Visual impact in advertising:

 A red accent on a neutral background can help draw attention to a single element.    

Image: Fire Engine

Why are fire engines red?

Two theories: red chosen to stand out, or fire dpts wanted to feature the most expensive colour at the time

Fire Engine

Christchurch City Libraries

Image: Police Escort

Police Escort

Kete Horowhenua

Image: Fire Extinguisher

Fire Extinguisher

The Arts House Trust

Symbolism in flags:

Red is a common colour in flags and it is has been used by countries to symbolise its history, culture and people, and its ideals. Some examples of what the colour red represents are: war (symbolic of bloodshed), valour and bravery, power, allegiance, revolution, vibrancy, courage and domination. (See: www.allstar flags.com

Image: The national Māori flag

Red represents Te Whei Ao (coming into being)

It symbolises Papatuanuku, the earth-mother, the sustainer of all living things, both the land & active forces

The national Māori flag

Manatū Taonga, the Ministry for Culture and Heritage

Image: The New Zealand Flag

Union Jack symbolises NZ's history as a British colony & four red stars - Southern Cross

Red crosses of St Andrews Cross of Scotland & St Patrick's Cross of Ireland; white cross of St Georges Cross of England

The New Zealand Flag

Manatū Taonga, the Ministry for Culture and Heritage

Image: Te Kooti's war flag

War flag of Te Kooti, a Māori rebel leader & prophet

Crescent moon denotes Old Testament, red cross is Archangel Michael's fighting cross, & WI the Holy Spirit

Te Kooti's war flag

Manatū Taonga, the Ministry for Culture and Heritage

Red clothing:

Image: Patch, colours and salute

Gangs identify themselves by patches, colours, insignia and salutes. The Mongrel Mob's colour is red.

Patch, colours and salute

Manatū Taonga, the Ministry for Culture and Heritage

Image: Doll - Lady in Red

Studies show a woman wearing red is seen as more attractive by men rather than those wearing other colours

Doll - Lady in Red

MOTAT

Image: H. & J. Court Ltd. window display

Wearing red can signify strength & resilience, & subconsciously inspire & help the wearer to take action & succeed

H. & J. Court Ltd. window display

Hamilton City Libraries

Variations of red:

Its variations include colours such as maroon, burgundy, crimson and scarlet. The connotations of each variation may vary. Darker colours, like maroon or burgundy, represent an  action that is more restrained and sophisticated. Brighter shades, like scarlet, imply more energy and less dominance. Source: https://www.empower-yourself-with-color-psychology.com/color-red.html 

Image: Magnolia x soulangeana Burgundy 1

Burgundy

Has a dark purplish tint to the red & is known to be more sophisticated & serious, & less energetic colour of the reds

Magnolia x soulangeana Burgundy 1

Lincoln University

Image: 'Crimson King' Camellia sasanqua 'Crimson King'

Crimson

Has very little blue in it, & a determination to succeed but without upsetting others. It can also emit sensuality.

'Crimson King' Camellia sasanqua 'Crimson King'

iNaturalist NZ — Mātaki Taiao

Image: Maroon Monochrome

Maroon

Has a darker blue tint mixed into the red and often denotes control and thoughtful action

Maroon Monochrome

Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tāmaki

Image: scarlet macaw

Scarlet

Has orange mixed into the red & gives richness & brightness. Is a fun-loving colour & promotes enthusiasm & love of life

scarlet macaw

iNaturalist NZ — Mātaki Taiao

Image: Vermilion Waxcap

Vermilion

Has a bit of orange mixed with rich red. Is considered the colour of life and eternity

Vermilion Waxcap

iNaturalist NZ — Mātaki Taiao

B. Language

Consider how red is used in our everyday language.  

Image: Fonterra's $200m loss explained: Why our biggest company is in the red

In the red

Having an economic loss; in debt, losing money, no money, or overdrawing bank account

Fonterra's $200m loss explained: Why our biggest company is in the red

The Spinoff

Image: banknote

Not worth a red cent

Having no value

banknote

Auckland War Memorial Museum Tāmaki Paenga Hira

Paint the town red

Celebration, partying, fun, and excitement

PAINTING THE TOWN RED. (Hawera & Normanby Star, 08 October 1923)

National Library of New Zealand

Image: Red Blooded - Lion Red

Red-blooded

Strong and healthy with a lot of will and spirit

Red Blooded - Lion Red

NZ On Screen

Image: Red faced MPs forced to apologise

Red-faced

To become embarrassed

Red faced MPs forced to apologise

Radio New Zealand

Red-hot

Very successful or good at what they do

Red hot Breakers defeat defending champs

Radio New Zealand

Image: The fate of a pillager

Red-handed

Clearly guilty - caught in the act

The fate of a pillager

Auckland Libraries

Image: RED alert (1 January 1997)

Red alert

To be very attentive and ready to take action

RED alert (1 January 1997)

Trove

Image: A Stormy Time in our History [Book review]

Red herring

A diversionary tactic; a false or deliberately misleading trail

A Stormy Time in our History [Book review]

Landfall

Image: The red rag to the bull!!!

Red rag to a bull

Provocation

The red rag to the bull!!!

Auckland Libraries

Image: Red sky at night

"Red sky at night, sailor's delight; red sky in the morning, sailor's warning."

Proverb: A red sky at sunset is a sign good weather will follow. A red sky at sunrise means bad weather will follow.

Red sky at night

Manatū Taonga, the Ministry for Culture and Heritage

Image: Immigration red tape

Red tape

Procedures that take excessive time & effort; strict adherence to certain rules & regulations

Immigration red tape

Alexander Turnbull Library

Image: Red heads

Redhead

People with red or ginger hair. Redheads are also depicted as having a fiery temper.

Red heads

Alexander Turnbull Library

Image: Red carpet into opening ceremony, TSB Space / Tautoru

Roll out the red carpet

Making someone feel special and pampered as if they are a VIP or high profile person

Red carpet into opening ceremony, TSB Space / Tautoru

Christchurch City Libraries

Image: I See Red

Seeing red

Physical characteristic of anger, including redness of the cheeks, physical exertion, & elevated blood pressure

I See Red

NZ On Screen

What other phrases that use the word 'red' can you think of?  

For a list of phrases and idioms, see https://www.phrases.com/psearch/red