Ladies and gents on bicycles in Hamilton

A DigitalNZ Story by Zokoroa

Since 1890s, cycling gained popularity for travel, social, exercise sporting, and work activities

Bikes, Bicycles, Cycling, Cyclists, Women, Hamilton, Transport

This DigitalNZ story was inspired by seeing historical photographs displayed on the walls of Hamilton's Central Library at Garden Place which include images of women cyclists either riding or walking their bicycles. From the late 1800s, women and men riding bicycles became increasingly seen around the streets of New Zealand, including Hamilton, as a leisure pursuit. Then they were used to travel to work and to school, as well as for social and exercise activities. Bicycles were also ridden in a variety of occupations as an alternative to walking, riding horses and using horses and carts, to deliver goods and provide services to households and businesses. The appropriate attire for women cyclists to wear met with mixed reactions overseas and in New Zealand. The controversy led to New Zealand joining the dress reform movement on rational dress for women in May 1894, leading to the choice of wearing knickerbockers and/or dresses! 

Image: The Graham Family with bicycles

From the late 1800s, bicycles were increasingly see around the streets of NZ, including Hamilton

Image: The Graham family, 1898

The Graham Family with bicycles

Hamilton City Libraries

Image: Cedric Kenny Onslow Graham

Cedric Graham riding a tricycle in front of a tree surrounded by bicycles, 1898

Cedric Kenny Onslow Graham

Hamilton City Libraries

Image: Graham Children at the Lodge

Two women with bicycles & a child on a tricycle on driveway at The Lodge (Graham Home) off Victoria Street, 1900

Graham Children at the Lodge

Hamilton City Libraries

Image: Victoria Street

Woman walking her bicycle alongside pedestrians on the path between Victoria Street & Garden Place, c.1937

Victoria Street

Hamilton City Libraries

Image: Victoria Street, GPO

Women & men cyclists share the road with cars along Victoria Street. A small bke stand is on the other side. (No date)

Victoria Street, GPO

Hamilton City Libraries

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 1.  From 1869 onwards, cycles began to arrive in NZ

Image: A boneshaker bicycle

In 1869, the first type of cycle - the velocipede, also known as a boneshaker with its wooden wheels - arrived in NZ

Construction was an iron frame, two or three wooden wheels, & cranks & pedals on the front wheel

A boneshaker bicycle

Christchurch City Libraries

Image: Frank J Forbes on a penny farthing bicycle

By late 1870s, penny-farthings made of cast iron wheels with rubber tyres were imported & also made locally

Larger front wheel enabled faster speed as fewer revolutions of the pedals required & smaller rear wheel aided stability

Frank J Forbes on a penny farthing bicycle

Waitaki District Council

By late 1880s, the 'safety bicycle' with metal frame with equal-sized wheels with pneumatic tyres was introduced

The wheels were connected by a chain to pedals & rubber tyres filled with compressed air gave a more comfortable ride

Unidentified man on a bicycle

Auckland Libraries

Image: Woman with bicycle.

Bicycles without a centre cross bar were also produced especially for women wearing skirts or dresses

(New Zealand Rational Dress Association formed in May 1894 led to a choice of knickerbockers &/or dresses)

Woman with bicycle.

Tairāwhiti Museum Te Whare Taonga o Tairāwhiti

Image: A novel idea

Tandem bicycles, or “bicycles built for two” began to become popular in 1890s

Early tandems had the gentleman steering from the back. (Image: A couple riding while holding parasols, 1898)

A novel idea

Auckland Libraries

Image: Man riding tricycle

Tricycles for adults & smaller versions ('trikes') for children began to be increasingly seen from 1900s onwards

(Image: Man riding a tricycle, No date)

Man riding tricycle

Hocken Collections - Uare Taoka o Hākena, University of Otago

2.  Bicycles initially ridden as a leisure pursuit

Image: Henrietta Abbot and Friend.

Initially, women, as well as men, would ride bicycles as a leisure pursuit around Hamilton

Henrietta Abbot and Friend.

Hamilton City Libraries

Image: Kearvell home in Te Rapa

Young woman standing next to a bicycle by a couple in a horse-drawn buggy at the Kearvell's home in Te Rapa, 1916

Kearvell home in Te Rapa

Hamilton City Libraries

Image: Group portrait

Group portrait with bicycles in background (No date)

Group portrait

Hamilton City Libraries

Image: Oliver and Mary Farrer at Bankwood, Hamilton, 1905

Mary Farrer next to her brother Oliver & his bicycle at the family's Bankwood farm, Hamilton, 1905

Oliver and Mary Farrer at Bankwood, Hamilton, 1905

Auckland Libraries

Image: "Traffic Bridge. Hamilton.

Cyclist, horse-drawn buggies, & horse-rider cross the Traffic Bridge in Hamilton (No date)

"Traffic Bridge. Hamilton.

Hamilton City Libraries

Image: No 1 Bridge, Hamilton

Bicycle lying on side of road near the No. 1 Bridge ( (now Anzac Bridge) connecting Hamilton East & West, c.1900

No 1 Bridge, Hamilton

Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa

Image: Sociable bicycle with Charlie Roberts and Edie

Riding a sociable bicycle which has two seats (No date)

Sociable bicycle with Charlie Roberts and Edie

Hamilton City Libraries

Image: Sociable bicycle for C V Roberts (Charlie)

Sociable bicycle with two seats (No date)

Sociable bicycle for C V Roberts (Charlie)

Hamilton City Libraries

 3.  Cycling clubs & competitions introduced

Image: Mile Bicycle Race

Cycling clubs were formed from 1876 & cycling competitions were held, initially on penny-farthings & then bicycles

Mile Bicycle Race held on penny-farthings, March 1887

Mile Bicycle Race

Hamilton City Libraries

Image: Ready For The Long-Distance Road Race

Cyclists in the 90 mile road race from Hamilton - Auckland line up at starting point, 27 March 1909

Ready For The Long-Distance Road Race

Auckland Libraries

Image: The New Zealand Athletic and Cycling Union's Annual Conference

Delegates at the New Zealand Athletic and Cycling Union's Annual Conference held in Hamilton in 1912

The New Zealand Athletic and Cycling Union's Annual Conference

Auckland Libraries

Image: Chinese sports held at Hamilton last week: the competitors in the bicycle race

Competitors in the bicycle race during the Chinese sports held at Hamilton, Jan 1922

Chinese sports held at Hamilton last week: the competitors in the bicycle race

Auckland Libraries

Image: Cycle Road Race From Hamilton to the Royal Show

Cycle road race for £IOO prize money from Hamilton to the Royal Show held at Epsom, 25 Nov 1926

Cycle Road Race From Hamilton to the Royal Show

Auckland Libraries

Image: Neville Bellringer

Cyclist who won the North Island cycle road race championship from Hamilton to Auckland on 22 Sept 1928

Neville Bellringer

Puke Ariki

Image: Hamilton-Auckland cycle road race

Hamilton-Auckland cycle road race, 2 Oct 1929

Hamilton-Auckland cycle road race

Auckland Libraries

Image: Racing cyclists on Hamilton's new traffic bridge

Cyclists on new Fairfield Bridge during the Auckland - Morrinsville 100 mile professional road race, 16 Oct 1937

Racing cyclists on Hamilton's new traffic bridge

Auckland Libraries

4.  Bicycles used as transport to work & school as well as social & exercise activities

Image: Margaret Douglas standing with her bicycle outside the Winter Show Buildings

Gradually, bicycles were used to travel to work & school, as well as social & exercise activities

Student outside the Winter Show building in Ward Street. (Hamilton High School was co-educational school from 1911-1955)

Margaret Douglas standing with her bicycle outside the Winter Show Buildings

Hamilton City Libraries

Image: Hamilton railway station

A train stands at Hamilton's platform while horse-drawn vehicles & a bicycle wait nearby, c.1899

Hamilton railway station

Hamilton City Libraries

Image: Official opening of the Hamilton Town Hall, 1905

Person with bicycle amongst crowd at official opening of Hamilton Town Hall by the premier Richard John Seddon, 1905

Official opening of the Hamilton Town Hall, 1905

Auckland Libraries

Image: Grey Street, Hamilton East

Riding a bicycle along Grey Street near Steele Park in Hamilton East, c.1908

Grey Street, Hamilton East

Hamilton City Libraries

Image: H Upton - Engineer

Four men stand outside 'H. Upton: Engineer' workshop with one holding a bicycle & a motorcycle sits on footpath, 1910

H Upton - Engineer

Hamilton City Libraries

Cyclists & horse-drawn carts outside the Hamilton Post Office on Victoria St opposite Hood St intersection, 1910-1919

Hamilton Post Offices 4736 Wilson Photo

Auckland Libraries

Image: Post Office, Hamilton

Cyclists outside the Hamilton Post Office (No date)

Post Office, Hamilton

Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa

Image: Hamilton's Carnegie Library

Two men, one pushing a bicycle, walk past the Carnegie Library, 1925. (The publlc library opened in 1908 & shifted 1960)

Hamilton's Carnegie Library

Hamilton City Libraries

Image: Hamilton Railway Station. From the album: Summers album

Cyclist waititng for the train to cross Victoria Street, c.1925-1935

Hamilton Railway Station. From the album: Summers album

Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa

Image: Walking across the Railway Bridge

City workers & school children, some with bicycles, walk along the footpath attached to the Railway Bridge (No date)

Walking across the Railway Bridge

Hamilton City Libraries

Image: S.T. Nolan's on Hood Street

A bicycle is leaned up against the shop window of S.T. Nolan's motor trimming business on Hood Street, c.1930

S.T. Nolan's on Hood Street

Hamilton City Libraries

Cyclists with group of men standing next to a Chandler car in Victoria st, c.1930s

Record-breaking Chandler car

Auckland Libraries

Image: A cycling holiday

Two students from Massey Agricultural College passing through Hamilton on a biking tour, 28 Jan 1931

A cycling holiday

Auckland Libraries

Image: Grey Street, Hamilton East

Two students cycling south along Grey Street. in Hamilton East, 1930s

Grey Street, Hamilton East

Hamilton City Libraries

Image: Frankton Junction railway station

Bicycles near the Telegraph Office & telegraph pole at the Frankton Junction Railway Station, c.1937

Frankton Junction railway station

Hamilton City Libraries

Image: Bicycles en masse at Hamilton Safety Week demonstration

During Safety Week demonstration, 200 Technical School pupils rode bikes, 21 Dec 1938

Bicycles en masse at Hamilton Safety Week demonstration

Auckland Libraries

Image: Frank Roberts on bicycle

Cyclist (No date)

Frank Roberts on bicycle

Hamilton City Libraries

Image: Bicycle stand and bicycles

A bicycle stand with bikes parked on both sides in Victoria St between Ward St & the railway crossing, 1939

Bicycle stand and bicycles

Hamilton City Libraries

Image: Houses destroyed by Frankton tornado

Bicycles outside houses destroyed by the Frankton tornado, 1948

Houses destroyed by Frankton tornado

Hamilton City Libraries

Image: Cars in Hamilton

Women & men cyclists along a busy Victoria St, 1950

Cars in Hamilton

Manatū Taonga, the Ministry for Culture and Heritage

 5.  Bikes ridden in a variety of occupations

Bicycles began to be used in a variety of occupations instead of walking or riding a horse or using a horse and cart to deliver goods and provide services to households and businesses. For example: postal and telegraph staff; newspaper delivery to letter boxes; tradespeople delivering goods and providing services (eg lamplighters and chimney sweeps); district nurses visiting patients; police and fire brigade staff.

The following images capture examples around New Zealand, including Hamilton, that are available on DigitalNZ.

Image: Hamilton's postwomen on the job

Bikes were also used in various occupations to provide services instead of walking, riding a horse or using horse & cart

Image: Recently trained Hamilton postwomen about to set out on their delivery rounds, 8 July 1942

Hamilton's postwomen on the job

Auckland Libraries

Image: Myra Tylee, post messenger

Post Office telegram messenger. (Image: Katikati, c.1919)

Myra Tylee, post messenger

Western Bay District Council

Image: Paid work

Newspaper delivery rounds included teenagers ('paper boys' & 'paper girls') on bikes. (Image: No date)

Paid work

Manatū Taonga, the Ministry for Culture and Heritage

Image: Home delivery, 1920

Bicycles & tricycles with trays/baskets or sidecars were used to deliver goods & services. (Image: Petone, 1920)

Home delivery, 1920

Manatū Taonga, the Ministry for Culture and Heritage

Image: Bicycle Delivery/Cycletruck

A delivery bicycle manufactured by Hercules Cycle and Motor Company which began operating in Birmingham in 1910

Bicycle Delivery/Cycletruck

MOTAT

Image: Negative: Gas lighters (copy)

Gas lighters with bicycles & long poles for lighting gas lamps. (No date)

Negative: Gas lighters (copy)

Canterbury Museum

Image: Bikes for district nurses

Bikes were used by district nurses to visit patients. (Image: Christchurch, 1914)

Bikes for district nurses

Manatū Taonga, the Ministry for Culture and Heritage

Image: Andrew Gregor on his bicycle

Police began using cycles from 1890s & sergeants would also check on constables on the beat. (Image: Greytown, c.1935)

Andrew Gregor on his bicycle

Wairarapa Archive

Image: BICYCLE, WITH TRAILER ATTACHMENT, FOR FIRE BRIGADE WORK, SHOWN AT THE NEW ZEALAND INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION

Fire brigades used bikes as alternative to walking or riding horses before availability of motor trucks. (Image: 1907)

BICYCLE, WITH TRAILER ATTACHMENT, FOR FIRE BRIGADE WORK, SHOWN AT THE NEW ZEALAND INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION

Auckland Libraries

 6.  Businesses in Hamilton began selling & servicing cycles

Image: Motor Cycle club members on their machines

Businesses in Hamilton began selling & servicing cycles

Jenkin & McIntyre - 'Cycles Motors Prams - Est 1906' on Victoria Street, 1920s.

Motor Cycle club members on their machines

Hamilton City Libraries

Image: Ibbotson Bros

Ibbotson Bros on Victoria Street advertising tricycles, cycles (£6.15-£12.10), juvenile cycles, & dolls prams, 1927

Ibbotson Bros

Hamilton City Libraries

Image: Victoria & Hood Streets

'Vickery Cycles - Repairs and service, BSA' sited on the corner of Victoria & Hood Streets, 1939

Victoria & Hood Streets

Hamilton City Libraries

Image: Ward Street

Hercules Cycles on Ward Street, 1939

Ward Street

Hamilton City Libraries

Image: Ward Street

Businesses on Ward St include a building advertised as 'Electrical engineers, motorcycle and bicycle repairs', 1939

Ward Street

Hamilton City Libraries

Image: Victoria Street Hamilton

Wallace's Motor & Cycle Works on Victoria Street, 1939

Victoria Street Hamilton

Hamilton City Libraries

7.   Find out more about bicycles and cycling in NZ

This DigitalNZ story was compiled in July 2025