This DigitalNZ story was inspired by seeing historical photographs displayed on the walls of Hamilton's Central Library at Garden Place which include images of women cyclists either riding or walking their bicycles. From the late 1800s, women and men riding bicycles became increasingly seen around the streets of New Zealand, including Hamilton, as a leisure pursuit. Then they were used to travel to work and to school, as well as for social and exercise activities. Bicycles were also ridden in a variety of occupations as an alternative to walking, riding horses and using horses and carts, to deliver goods and provide services to households and businesses. The appropriate attire for women cyclists to wear met with mixed reactions overseas and in New Zealand. The controversy led to New Zealand joining the dress reform movement on rational dress for women in May 1894, leading to the choice of wearing knickerbockers and/or dresses!
From the late 1800s, bicycles were increasingly see around the streets of NZ, including Hamilton
Image: The Graham family, 1898
Hamilton City Libraries
Cedric Graham riding a tricycle in front of a tree surrounded by bicycles, 1898
Cedric Kenny Onslow Graham
Hamilton City Libraries
Two women with bicycles & a child on a tricycle on driveway at The Lodge (Graham Home) off Victoria Street, 1900
Graham Children at the Lodge
Hamilton City Libraries
Woman walking her bicycle alongside pedestrians on the path between Victoria Street & Garden Place, c.1937
Victoria Street
Hamilton City Libraries
Women & men cyclists share the road with cars along Victoria Street. A small bke stand is on the other side. (No date)
Victoria Street, GPO
Hamilton City Libraries
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1. From 1869 onwards, cycles began to arrive in NZ
In 1869, the first type of cycle - the velocipede, also known as a boneshaker with its wooden wheels - arrived in NZ
Construction was an iron frame, two or three wooden wheels, & cranks & pedals on the front wheel
Christchurch City Libraries
By late 1870s, penny-farthings made of cast iron wheels with rubber tyres were imported & also made locally
Larger front wheel enabled faster speed as fewer revolutions of the pedals required & smaller rear wheel aided stability
Waitaki District Council
By late 1880s, the 'safety bicycle' with metal frame with equal-sized wheels with pneumatic tyres was introduced
The wheels were connected by a chain to pedals & rubber tyres filled with compressed air gave a more comfortable ride
Auckland Libraries
Bicycles without a centre cross bar were also produced especially for women wearing skirts or dresses
(New Zealand Rational Dress Association formed in May 1894 led to a choice of knickerbockers &/or dresses)
Tairāwhiti Museum Te Whare Taonga o Tairāwhiti
Tandem bicycles, or “bicycles built for two” began to become popular in 1890s
Early tandems had the gentleman steering from the back. (Image: A couple riding while holding parasols, 1898)
Auckland Libraries
Tricycles for adults & smaller versions ('trikes') for children began to be increasingly seen from 1900s onwards
(Image: Man riding a tricycle, No date)
Hocken Collections - Uare Taoka o Hākena, University of Otago
2. Bicycles initially ridden as a leisure pursuit
Initially, women, as well as men, would ride bicycles as a leisure pursuit around Hamilton
Hamilton City Libraries
Young woman standing next to a bicycle by a couple in a horse-drawn buggy at the Kearvell's home in Te Rapa, 1916
Kearvell home in Te Rapa
Hamilton City Libraries
Mary Farrer next to her brother Oliver & his bicycle at the family's Bankwood farm, Hamilton, 1905
Oliver and Mary Farrer at Bankwood, Hamilton, 1905
Auckland Libraries
Cyclist, horse-drawn buggies, & horse-rider cross the Traffic Bridge in Hamilton (No date)
"Traffic Bridge. Hamilton.
Hamilton City Libraries
Bicycle lying on side of road near the No. 1 Bridge ( (now Anzac Bridge) connecting Hamilton East & West, c.1900
No 1 Bridge, Hamilton
Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
Cycling across the Waikato River, 1932
A most unusual sight at Hamilton, youthful cyclists negotiating the half-empty Waikato river-bed on their machines
Auckland Libraries
Riding a sociable bicycle which has two seats (No date)
Sociable bicycle with Charlie Roberts and Edie
Hamilton City Libraries
Sociable bicycle with two seats (No date)
Sociable bicycle for C V Roberts (Charlie)
Hamilton City Libraries
3. Cycling clubs & competitions introduced
Cycling clubs were formed from 1876 & cycling competitions were held, initially on penny-farthings & then bicycles
Mile Bicycle Race held on penny-farthings, March 1887
Hamilton City Libraries
Cyclists in the 90 mile road race from Hamilton - Auckland line up at starting point, 27 March 1909
Ready For The Long-Distance Road Race
Auckland Libraries
Delegates at the New Zealand Athletic and Cycling Union's Annual Conference held in Hamilton in 1912
The New Zealand Athletic and Cycling Union's Annual Conference
Auckland Libraries
Competitors in the bicycle race during the Chinese sports held at Hamilton, Jan 1922
Chinese sports held at Hamilton last week: the competitors in the bicycle race
Auckland Libraries
Cycle road race for £IOO prize money from Hamilton to the Royal Show held at Epsom, 25 Nov 1926
Cycle Road Race From Hamilton to the Royal Show
Auckland Libraries
Cyclist who won the North Island cycle road race championship from Hamilton to Auckland on 22 Sept 1928
Neville Bellringer
Puke Ariki
Cyclists on new Fairfield Bridge during the Auckland - Morrinsville 100 mile professional road race, 16 Oct 1937
Racing cyclists on Hamilton's new traffic bridge
Auckland Libraries
4. Bicycles used as transport to work & school as well as social & exercise activities
Gradually, bicycles were used to travel to work & school, as well as social & exercise activities
Student outside the Winter Show building in Ward Street. (Hamilton High School was co-educational school from 1911-1955)
Hamilton City Libraries
A train stands at Hamilton's platform while horse-drawn vehicles & a bicycle wait nearby, c.1899
Hamilton railway station
Hamilton City Libraries
Person with bicycle amongst crowd at official opening of Hamilton Town Hall by the premier Richard John Seddon, 1905
Official opening of the Hamilton Town Hall, 1905
Auckland Libraries
Riding a bicycle along Grey Street near Steele Park in Hamilton East, c.1908
Grey Street, Hamilton East
Hamilton City Libraries
Four men stand outside 'H. Upton: Engineer' workshop with one holding a bicycle & a motorcycle sits on footpath, 1910
H Upton - Engineer
Hamilton City Libraries
Cyclists & horse-drawn carts outside the Hamilton Post Office on Victoria St opposite Hood St intersection, 1910-1919
Hamilton Post Offices 4736 Wilson Photo
Auckland Libraries
Cyclists outside the Hamilton Post Office (No date)
Post Office, Hamilton
Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
Two men, one pushing a bicycle, walk past the Carnegie Library, 1925. (The publlc library opened in 1908 & shifted 1960)
Hamilton's Carnegie Library
Hamilton City Libraries
Cyclist waititng for the train to cross Victoria Street, c.1925-1935
Hamilton Railway Station. From the album: Summers album
Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
City workers & school children, some with bicycles, walk along the footpath attached to the Railway Bridge (No date)
Walking across the Railway Bridge
Hamilton City Libraries
A bicycle is leaned up against the shop window of S.T. Nolan's motor trimming business on Hood Street, c.1930
S.T. Nolan's on Hood Street
Hamilton City Libraries
Cyclists with group of men standing next to a Chandler car in Victoria st, c.1930s
Record-breaking Chandler car
Auckland Libraries
Two students from Massey Agricultural College passing through Hamilton on a biking tour, 28 Jan 1931
A cycling holiday
Auckland Libraries
Two students cycling south along Grey Street. in Hamilton East, 1930s
Grey Street, Hamilton East
Hamilton City Libraries
Bicycles near the Telegraph Office & telegraph pole at the Frankton Junction Railway Station, c.1937
Frankton Junction railway station
Hamilton City Libraries
During Safety Week demonstration, 200 Technical School pupils rode bikes, 21 Dec 1938
Bicycles en masse at Hamilton Safety Week demonstration
Auckland Libraries
A bicycle stand with bikes parked on both sides in Victoria St between Ward St & the railway crossing, 1939
Bicycle stand and bicycles
Hamilton City Libraries
Bicycles outside houses destroyed by the Frankton tornado, 1948
Houses destroyed by Frankton tornado
Hamilton City Libraries
Women & men cyclists along a busy Victoria St, 1950
Cars in Hamilton
Manatū Taonga, the Ministry for Culture and Heritage
5. Bikes ridden in a variety of occupations
Bicycles began to be used in a variety of occupations instead of walking or riding a horse or using a horse and cart to deliver goods and provide services to households and businesses. For example: postal and telegraph staff; newspaper delivery to letter boxes; tradespeople delivering goods and providing services (eg lamplighters and chimney sweeps); district nurses visiting patients; police and fire brigade staff.
The following images capture examples around New Zealand, including Hamilton, that are available on DigitalNZ.
Bikes were also used in various occupations to provide services instead of walking, riding a horse or using horse & cart
Image: Recently trained Hamilton postwomen about to set out on their delivery rounds, 8 July 1942
Auckland Libraries
Post Office telegram messenger. (Image: Katikati, c.1919)
Myra Tylee, post messenger
Western Bay District Council
Newspaper delivery rounds included teenagers ('paper boys' & 'paper girls') on bikes. (Image: No date)
Paid work
Manatū Taonga, the Ministry for Culture and Heritage
Bicycles & tricycles with trays/baskets or sidecars were used to deliver goods & services. (Image: Petone, 1920)
Home delivery, 1920
Manatū Taonga, the Ministry for Culture and Heritage
A delivery bicycle manufactured by Hercules Cycle and Motor Company which began operating in Birmingham in 1910
Bicycle Delivery/Cycletruck
MOTAT
Gas lighters with bicycles & long poles for lighting gas lamps. (No date)
Negative: Gas lighters (copy)
Canterbury Museum
Bikes were used by district nurses to visit patients. (Image: Christchurch, 1914)
Bikes for district nurses
Manatū Taonga, the Ministry for Culture and Heritage
Police began using cycles from 1890s & sergeants would also check on constables on the beat. (Image: Greytown, c.1935)
Andrew Gregor on his bicycle
Wairarapa Archive
Fire brigades used bikes as alternative to walking or riding horses before availability of motor trucks. (Image: 1907)
BICYCLE, WITH TRAILER ATTACHMENT, FOR FIRE BRIGADE WORK, SHOWN AT THE NEW ZEALAND INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION
Auckland Libraries
6. Businesses in Hamilton began selling & servicing cycles
Businesses in Hamilton began selling & servicing cycles
Jenkin & McIntyre - 'Cycles Motors Prams - Est 1906' on Victoria Street, 1920s.
Hamilton City Libraries
Ibbotson Bros on Victoria Street advertising tricycles, cycles (£6.15-£12.10), juvenile cycles, & dolls prams, 1927
Ibbotson Bros
Hamilton City Libraries
'Vickery Cycles - Repairs and service, BSA' sited on the corner of Victoria & Hood Streets, 1939
Victoria & Hood Streets
Hamilton City Libraries
Businesses on Ward St include a building advertised as 'Electrical engineers, motorcycle and bicycle repairs', 1939
Ward Street
Hamilton City Libraries
Wallace's Motor & Cycle Works on Victoria Street, 1939
Victoria Street Hamilton
Hamilton City Libraries
7. Find out more about bicycles and cycling in NZ
Jamie Mackay, 'Bicycles', Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/en/bicycles/print
Jane Malthus, 'New Zealand Rational Dress Association 1894 - 1894', New Zealand History, URL: https://nzhistory.govt.nz/women-together/new-zealand-rational-dress-association
Simon Kennett, 'Cycle racing', Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/en/cycle-racing
Wikipedia: History of cycling in New Zealand, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_cycling_in_New_Zealand
Riding my penny-farthing
DigitalNZ
This DigitalNZ story was compiled in July 2025























































